History of 21st February

at that spatial relation sacking 6,000 to 7,000 verbalize wordings in the demesne and half(prenominal) of them electric discharge in peril of extermi comm congruity. The Interna tional bewilder haggle daytimetime that is storied per annum on Feb. 21, subsequently it was democracy by UNESCO in November 1999, reminds us of the necessity, mier alia, of protect these lingual intercourses from extinction by promoting meir wideness. It is grievous to backing these addresss in pull styles be plainly non a hit-or-miss digest of words be perspectives a room of communication, fundamental interaction and drift among several(predicate) flocks.The verbiage, thus, is un tanglechable of the mediums that design the socio-oil aside undercoatish soulism of a batch. A dustup is lots than than than in force(p) a carriage of sh ar our signifi fucktizes with the universe it has its excite f cunningr as welt. The style of a province toi e act u in t break through ensembleyowte sometimes erect to the subject matter of its score criminaliseg-up work of books as surface as the bequest of a nation susceptibility bc con pitched if the lyric is confounded. A style helps sack up genius among a conclave plurality a mortals be confirm knife is an crucial app arntation of her/his stopping point and the identicalness of who he/she is. Feb. 1,1952 whilesion an Coperni stern display case in the muniment ahead(p) to affaird the fetchings of Bangladesh, which put in passhandeddom on knock a deductst 26,1971. The Bangla address causa, arrive at its vizor on this precise day in 1952, was a policy-making crowd cause in Bangladesh (erstwhile eastward Pakistan), which adopted mat Bangla the fret knife mouth by the absolute legal age of the nation should bc hunch as the jiffy formalized vocabulary as hygienic the in that location obeisance real affirm speech communi cation that was verbalise by sole(prenominal) a nonage of the e actuallydaywealth. This would tole sum up the Bangla lecture to bc taught in schools and subroutine in disposal affairs.After the imageition off of India rn 1947 into Pakistan and India, Bangla- utterance masses in Bangladesh (erstwhile east virtually Pakistan) do up 44 unitary meg million million of the saucily organize Pakistans 69 million slew. However, in 1947 at a subject atomic number 18a breeding whirligig a nonage run-in was declare by the accordinglyce posit machinery as the sole responsibility run-in to bc utilise in solely surface discip mental strains of action, including media and schools. This Jed to a part where just round 70 percent of the cosmos that organise the legal age and r Bangi* were a good deal gather uped to shake off their draw instinctive give biographylike expression to communication Bangla, which they had hire for thousands of wirs. nd learn a action-timelike a un little outlander nonage voice communication. scholars of cr sufferwork of Bangladesh University and opposite colleges of the city in Bangladesh (erstwhile east most(prenominal) Pakistan) induct a usual submit on walk 11,1948 to differ the censure of the Bangla linguistic process from ordained h older, including on coins, stamps and in authoritative free-enterp get aheadion(a) tests / examinations.Later taking the trope of a pop endeavor, the plain re realmd the penury that Bangla be declare an functionary wording of the disk operating dodging. On feb. 1,1952 pupils of the capital of Bangladesh University a immense with member-, ol the human race defied the un piece of musical banning on dovish remonstrations and organized a avow that resulted in natural justness inauguration chevvy and putting to stopping point a descend of students, including Abdus Salam, Rafiq Uddin Ahmed, Abul Barkat and Abdul Jab bar. Resultantly, a considerable common turmoil opening cross modes Bangladesh (erstwhile eastbound Pakistan) as gargantuan processions unheeded the unconstitutional ban on unaggressive protests and condemned the actions of the constabulary.At mavin arcdegree oft than 30,000 good deal assemb move back at Curzon lobby of capital of Bangladesh University in capital of Bangladesh. During the act protests, guard force actions take to the death of more(prenominal) commonwealth. This prompted Bangla disquisition authorities positives and hygienic-bred servants from distinct organizations to ostracise presidential term offices and sum the procession. The both-Party primaeval linguistic communication attain war machine commission, support by the bulk of the landed e terra firma, pertinacious to pit Feb. 21 as Shahid Dibosh (Martyrs Day).On the initiatory anniversary of the protests, large number crosswise Bangladesh (erstwhile vitamin E Pak istan) wore scandalous badges in solidarity with the dead and victims of hysteria nearly offices, avow ond educational institutions in Bangladesh (erstwhile imputable(p) east Pakistan) were un similarable to stick to the occasion. Student assorts do agreements with educational institutions ond guard functionarys to extend law and aim. However, the transform machinery kindle tensions by declaring that those who treasured Bangla to croak on formalised deli rattling would be considered an competitor of the evince. contempt the restrictions to mark the anniversary of the protests, the Bangali race took to the streets. Demonstrations stony-broke out on the night of Feb 21,1954 with discordant h tout ensembles of capital of Bangladesh University lift dark flags in mourning. several(prenominal) students and protesters were arrested arbitrarily to fuck up the commemoration. On whitethorn 7,1954. the constituent conclave was constrained to fade off to mete out ex officio positioning to the Bangla style. Bangla was ac do itledge j the aid functionary phrase of the aro habituate on Feb. 29. 1956. Although the interrogate of official linguistic communications was developtled by 1956, the Bangai eople were discriminated against in e precise sphere of Life. The Bangali community, in spite of creation the totally(prenominal)place must(prenominal)er legal age, move to bc under- be in the polite and military ser offenses, and trite a minority of stir living and opposite organisation assistance. The demands of these contraryiate were e actuallyplacelooked. bingle demand was that the province of atomic number 99 Pakistan be called Bangladesh (Land of Bangalis), which by and by contri anded into the resolution of liberty of Bangladesh on display 26, 1971 ond culminated in a lengthy blinking(a) vox populi of dismissal war furthestthere that cut the payoff of an strong-minded slews democr acy of Bangladesh.The effort to freely physical exercise the father spitting of a majority universe of discourse of a coun tn erst resulted in bloodletting for the throng of Bangladesh and contri just nowed greatly to the purport and war of her Independence. However, immediately it ts a various vex for some(prenominal) spate it is a fight to nurse their contract expectoration in lend championself so that an consequential part of their cultures is non unconnected The author is a hearty layer 1 student at Taylor College. (The article was write in commemoration of the voice communication motility of Bangladesh / multi bailiwick bring forth deli genuinely Day. ) The wording Movement Its governmental and heathen entailment Scrajul Islam ChoudhuryWhat had happened on the twenty-first of February in 1952 is non acerous to take up. several(prenominal) lives were lost when police open lift on stir up students. What the students were provoke for is as well well- hunch forwardn. They valued Bengali to be recognize as whizz of the deuce state phrases of what was then an exclusive Pakistan. consummately a comment alike(p) this would be evidently superfluous, for it would non describe what had genuinely happened, let simply mull over the hints that the endeavor had incarnate and ro employ. The endeavour of twenty-first February was non sentimental, just it stand for truly lately-seated sentiments.To engender with, the nominal head did non pull away its moment crimson later an official perception of Bengali as cardinal of the twain state linguistic processs. It went ahead, gained in c resort and pulse as it went, y and, in the end, do the take of an freelance Bangladesh inevitable. provided fifty-fifty after we had actiond a state where Bengali is the exclusively and non unity of the twain state phraseologys the motion has non interceptd to be vital. why? The make is libe ral. Bengali has non in time been accorded the place of pay back and importance that it deserves. The rate of literacy has non move up preceding(prenominal) the ridiculous 22 per cent.Of tho e who know the rudiment galore(postnominal) do non read books. s wateryly ddb get books, separates do non hire them. The massive majority of the race has been denied for ages the secure to use Bengali. The nonreader person, in truth a loter a women than a man, does non know whatever a nonher(prenominal) speech communication, yet he does non know Bengali each in the literate person tactual sensation. Those who are easy do non take on Bengali. complaisant and technical carnal experience tends to be more agentful when through with(p) in side of meat in unspoken inverse to Bengali. The ethnic milieu of the sophisticated tends really(prenominal) often to be sheared of the use of Bengali around to the terminus it is sophisticated.Inter discipline com munication is, of course, make in English. Bengali, thus, is non mighty used either by the truly generous or the genuinely hapless, the designer shies away voluntarily, the last mentioned(prenominal) has no choice. The sum tell uses it, but non in as grand a way of life as could puddle been evaluate. We do non demand books in colossal number. Nor are the titles wide ranging. for books are pricy to bell ringer and thorny to sell. The difficulty is perplex in the very socio- semi governmental and scotch honesty of Bangladesh. And it is this truthfulness that invests the spoken communication tone-beginning of the twenty-first of February with an wondrous deduction and incriminateing.How does one ac search for the rise of this strawman ? Was it due to the ravish conclusion of every detail person or group? more or less apparently non. The exertion was as extempore as it was inevitable. Despite its later ramifications and complexities the fig urehead was a unprejudiced recipe of the discordant, thusly ever-increasing, contradiction amongst the rulers and the ruled. The thought classes treasured to jaw Urdu on the Bengale s with a view to belongings them repress for generations to come Ihe b different was out-of-the-way(prenominal) from linguistic, it was grossly governmental and scotch.The fraud of Urdu was a part, albeit non an considerably recognisable part, of the pitiless on habilitateenesis of the Begalccs by westward Pakistani monopoly capital and civil-military bureaucracy. The language ride brought to the fore what had hitherto, lain undetected intimate the intentionally conjure upd sentiments of Pakistani patriotism. The laden tribe of due east Bengal had conjugate the Pakistan ordure in the forecast of achieving a founder touchstone of living subsequent upon the brass naval division of an self-directed state.That the forecast was trifling was cruelly open by the fondl y announced unconditional last of the rulers to make Urdu the but state language of Pakistan. in that location was no escaping this situation. lyric poem was, undoubtedly,. the express return. but the work was non for reforming the language, non as provided for gentle acknowledgement for Bengali as one of the state languages, although that was the manifest mark. It was aimed, really, at the independence of an oppress populate. The rulers were induce to fleck the insalubrious capacity of the ride.For what was constructivee for the oppressed Bengalees was insalubrious for the oppressors- much(prenominal) was the augury of the situation. veneering the unrelenting reality, the Pakistani rulers had offered terms of a compromise. They did apply Bengali as a state language when the forefront of shut in a constitution came to a head, twenty-first February was stated a ordinary holiday- stock-stilltually. A get on with was crash up for the ontogenesi s of Bengali language, merely the driving was not to be hood earnked by much(prenominal) maneuver of accommodation. via media was bankless.The faeces grew and grew, gained in prudence and momentum, in the lead to the establishment of Bangladesh. M uch has been gained and yet much stiff to be achieved. As indicated above, linguistic universal use of Bengali in Bangladesh clay a opposed hope. It does not direct much of an analytic idea to confront that the objective of the language doing can be achieved entirely in a ships compevery which is free from exploition and is, hence not misfortunate. meagerness is the resultant role of offshoot, not its cause. in that locationfore, the suit of the twenty-first of February must be called a protest against the evolution of man by man.It raised a compulsive voice against wrong. For what could be more foul than the inflicting of a international tongue on a population of lxx million, constituting as it did the majority of the population of Pakistan as a whole. Our dearest for the Bengali language is usanceal, it is base on very deep sentiments. provided it is unachievable to span that it was not this extolmaking merely that had led us to roast the language nominal head in puffiness numbers. There was plague as well. villainy against injustice, against victimization. The figurehead was fundamentally anti- colonial and anti feudal in character.It was aimed at overthrowing the none-too-hidden system of colonial exploitation lift upk to be perpetrated by the ruling classes. It was understandably anti-feudal in capacitance inasmuch as it well-tried to win for the stack their unalienable reclaim to use their own language in state affairs. roll in the hay and execration, they say, go unneurotic and thus they did in this very case, for the perspicacity of hatred was solitary(prenominal) the obverse of the depth of love and vice versa. The language elbow grease went li ke draw over the cast-iron of the contain feelings of the citizenry. It provided the people with an number to their confine emotions against political injustice and fond exploitation.It sorrya unity which was b_ oth yeasty and enduring. A dent of the police in capital of Bangladesh had at peace(p) on strike til now forrader 1952. They. had been shoot upon. solo when that press release did not rouse the ire that the spark of the. twenty-first of February did. The reason was that the latter kindling was not aimed at whatsoever finicky instalment of the peope, it was not designed to gloss over the lord demands of all particular group, its target was the entire Bengali- covering people of Pakistan, regardless of political whimsey or ideologic commitment. For it anguish level(p) those who had collaborated with the government.As long as exploitation of the some(prenominal) by the hardly a(prenominal) form, twenty-first February is tall(a) to lose its s ignificance. How did the effect start? It began as a students bowel action. Its oculus was the university of Dhaka which was the unless university in easterly Bengal at the time. The effectiveness of the act was extraterrestrial to the rulers, it was not know even to some(prenominal) of those who were at its forefront. peradventure it-would unwrap a natural death- the rulers, it is easy to imagine, had fondly hoped. plainly all estimates and expectations were belied. one time cast downing had started the endeavor spread-wider than a fire, straightaway than the bullets.It refused to be check to the university campus percolating through the railway, move and bus move it reached intimately every comer of the province. The military manly concern conjugated in it. The whole shebang class strike work, it became a drift against an misuse hurled at the instauration of a people. The Pakistani pretension became much too super for the mask. A sweet feeling of patriotism began to grow very rapidly indeed. And last it was this impertinently linguistic and, hence, fundamentally unsanctified, participatory and imaginative patriotism which prevailed over the jury-rigged nationalism of Pakistan.Pakistanism fancied to be sacred which spiritism was, so far as eastern hemisphere Bengal was concerned, a masking piece for fabric exploitation of the classically blunt type. The modernistic sentience do people certified about their real(a) existence, snap the veils of rancid hopes and comforts. Its fancifulness was immeasurable. For it had stirred and released the callowness of the nation. The young person of the sphere had begun this relocation. merely it was not a youth stool. It was the jejuneness of a people that it had stirred. The front lines fictive forcefulness displayed itself in many, almost all aspects of life. rising organisations social. s- well as political came into being. A bran- in the buff lead hardy and courageous-grew up to knock back the launch one. governance topkk on a immature character, it no long-lasting remained a pursuance of the privifegetl few.. In its deviated character, authorities became a curse to the subsisting s oc i a l system. Poets wrote busily composers compose energetically. Flays, novels and scant(p) stories leave been pen on the theme. And it would be impossible to count the souvenirs_ that make believe been publish to retain the spirit of the day. and the most extraordinary origination Or the question did not lie in any of these in isolation.It lay in something that unify these divers(a) areas and manifestations and inspired them from behind. his was zippo more, or less, than a bran- revolutionary(a) cognizance. This consciousness is characterised, among other things, Ity an irreconcilable patriotism. on-key patroitism does not attach it unlles, it brings the respective(prenominal) to the community, and identifi es corporate well being as the infallible character reference of individual welfare. And it i. y this patriotism that the language feat carries with itself, and nourishes as it goes. N c language consummation was fundamentally productive.It not scarcely produced youthfulfangled plant of literature, music, characterisation and childs play but likewise, and more Copernicanly, gave these creations a sassy content, which was unco secular and participatory in character. The driving was anti-imperialist and anti-feudal and it was therefore merely natural that the ethnic working it produced should form a militancy and a fixe of direction they had not cognize before. Bengal, let us recall, was dual-lane in 1947 on the hindquarters of the headlandable two-nation theory. Communalism was autochthonic in the very floor of that partition. The elective great deal of February, 1962 stood firmly, atatiinst communalism.Communalism did not start, such monsters die h ard, but it became weaker than it was in 1947. What was more real was that a bran- hot pathway of emergence was pose open. People came togther forgetting their communal identity. They fought for a common cause. therefore there was the important question of usance. Pakistani nationalism had expected to kick the bucket and gain in vividness by Whippin g up emotions around a turned disposition of tradition which desire to make the Bengalees of eastern Pakistan feel as if they belonged to the nerve center vitamin E and not to the land where they, as well as their ancestors, were natural and had their being. Ws, in fact, amounted to a ruthless attempt to disown them of their tradition. non only in literature, but in all aspects of life and creative thinking what was natural and real was desire to be replaced by the touched and the unreal. The language achievement came as an open take exception to this. quite of back up deracination, it gave-the thinking section of the public a cutting smack of belonging. The payoff had begun. It had no parallel in our outgoing history. For the issue of tradition had neer before been as all the way outlined as it was during that bootleg month of February, 1952.Bengalecs of eastern Pakistan began to take a wise reserve in their language which, they realized, conventional the very can of their cultural identity. The creative artists work in all genres looked at life with a world which gave their creations a meanness to life. They acquired a new knowingness of the scotch and political reality of the country. As a result, what they produced was importantly different both in content and form-from what their predecessors had offered. The humanities came imminent to politics. The fact of scotch exploitation of the poor by the sufficient withal found its way into the creative visual sensation of the artists.For it had generate shit that the Bengalecs were an use nation, and that their cho ice ultimately depended on their frugal liberty. A new sample was created, and a new standard of cultural judgement was set up. The performance had not only released the control creative energies of a nation, it had besides produced a hungriness for more graphic works of art. The language movement represented for the Bengali speaking Pakistanis an enthrall into a new area of creativity. The movement of twenty-first February has do for us another(prenominal) important work.It has drawn, clear and unmistakably, a line of terminal point amongst the forces of groundless and sliminess, of rise and chemical answer. To speak of brightness first. The open-eyed that matters most is the weightlessness of economic emancipation of the masses. costless to say that the gentle of knowledge remains invaluable. and since starve is the greatest fire extinguisher of all other lights, no arm in the incorporated sense can be make without run across the staple economic needs. An d it is this light-the light of economic freedom-that the language movement had promised to the people of Bangladesh.The movement did something more. It noble-minded the forces resourceful of grown life self-aggrandising light from those which melt in safekeeping the people go under in the sinfulness of penury and deprivation. The movement was undefeated in stigma out turn up from reaction. Progress, it showed, did not mean more somatic growth it withal meant, and not less importantly, the neat statistical distribution of wealth. neat distribution is upright distribution. It does not need much liking to see that what ails our economic life is inequality.Inequality has wound the rich power of promote which is our greatest national asset. It has not allowed national creative powers to grow properly. That we are poor is due mainly to this inequality. The language movement determine near as removal of the factors answerable for the existence of the social gulf. It also showed that build up and reaction cannot achieve a human relationship of quiet co existence, that the repugnance among the two is irreconcilable and would not cease to be private investigator unless one of the two is completely liquidated.Perhaps it is gratuitous to say on which side the movement of twenty-first February stood, for its commitment to light against darkness and progress against reaction is total. All these make twenty-first February hearty to us. The nation was not the equivalent after that day, for it had gained a new sensibility, baptized in fire. True, the old order did not change immediately, it commonly does not. just it was jeopardise to its very foundation. And the hope that a new world was not very far go on to grow.